How the Treaty of Lausanne Influenced the Kurdish Question

1923 How the Treaty of Lausanne Influenced the Kurdish Question

The Kurdish Question has been a pivotal issue in Middle Eastern politics, deeply rooted in the events that followed the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Among these, the Treaty of Lausanne, signed in 1923, stands as a defining moment. This treaty not only shaped the geopolitical contours of the region but also profoundly affected the

How Iceland Outsmarted the British Navy

How Iceland Outsmarted the British Navy

By the mid-20th century, fishing was not merely a sector in Iceland’s economy—it was the lifeblood of the nation. With limited arable land, Iceland’s coastal resources represented its primary economic asset. Fish accounted for over 90% of Iceland’s exports, with cod being the most valuable catch. However, traditional fishing grounds were often exploited by large

Russian Art

The October Revolution’s Impact on Russian Art and Culture

With the overthrow of the Tsarist regime and the rise of the Bolsheviks, Russian artists found themselves at a crossroads. The October Revolution provided fertile ground for new artistic expression, grounded in the ideals of socialism and collective power. Russian art began to move away from traditional, aristocratic aesthetics and instead embraced revolutionary principles. Revolution:

Nestor Makhno Red Army Conflict

The Nestor Makhno Red Army Conflict: A Revolutionary Clash of Ideologies

The Nestor Makhno Red Army conflict was one of the most significant and intense clashes during the Russian Civil War (1917-1922). This conflict pitted the anarchist forces of Nestor Makhno, known as the Makhnovists, against the centralized Bolshevik forces of the Red Army. The struggle wasn’t just a military battle; it was a deeper ideological